Windows 8 Command Prompt (cmd) Commands

A Command Prompt (cmd) available for Windows 8 that contains access to around 230 command line commands.
 The commands available in Windows 8 are used for a variety of purposes, including diagnosing and correcting certain Windows problems, automating tasks, and much more.

Note: A number of Windows 8 Command Prompt commands are very similar to MS-DOS commands. However, the Command Prompt in Windows 8 is not MS-DOS so the commands are not correctly referred to as MS-DOS commands. I do have a list of DOS commands if you really are using MS-DOS and are interested.

Append

The append command can be used by programs to open files in another directory as if they were located in the current directory.
The append command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows 8.

Arp

 The arp command is used to display or change entries in the ARP cache.

Assoc

The assoc command is used to display or change the file type associated with a particular file extension.

Attrib

The attrib command is used to change the attributes of a single file or a directory.

Auditpol

The auditpol command is used to display or change audit policies.

Bcdboot

The bcdboot command is used to copy boot files to the system partition and to create a new system BCD store.

Bcdedit

The bcdedit command is used to view or make changes to Boot Configuration Data.

Bdehdcfg

The bdehdcfg command is used to prepare a hard drive for BitLocker Drive Encryption.

Bitsadmin

The bitsadmin command is used to create, manage, and monitor download and upload jobs.
While the bitsadmin command is available in Windows 8, you should know that it is being phased out. The BITS PowerShell cmdlets should be used instead.

Bootcfg

The bootcfg command is used to build, modify, or view the contents of the boot.ini file, a hidden file that is used to identify in what folder, on which partition, and on which hard drive Windows is located.
The bootcfg command was replaced by the bcdedit command beginning in Windows Vista. Bootcfg is still available in Windows 8 but it serves no real value since boot.ini is not used.

Bootsect

The bootsect command is used to configure the master boot code to one compatible with Windows 8 (BOOTMGR).
The bootsect command is only available from the Command Prompt in System Recovery Options.

Break

The break command sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking on DOS systems.
The break command is available in Windows 8 to provide compatibility with MS-DOS files but it has no effect in Windows 8 itself.

Cacls

The cacls command is used to display or change access control lists of files. Even though the cacls command is available in Windows 8, it's being phased out. Microsoft recommends that you use the icacls command instead.

Call

The call command is used to run a script or batch program from within another script or batch program.
The call command has no effect outside of a script or batch file. In other words, running the call command at the Command Prompt will do nothing.

Cd

The Cd command is the shorthand version of the chdir command.

Certreq

The certreq command is used to perform various certification authority (CA) certificate functions.

Certutil

The certutil command is used to dump and display certification authority (CA) configuration information in addition to other CA functions.

Change

The change command changes various terminal server settings like install modes, COM port mappings, and logons.

Chcp

The chcp command displays or configures the active code page number.

Chdir

The chdir command is used to display the drive letter and folder that you are currently in. Chdir can also be used to change the drive and/or directory that you want to work in.

 

Checknetisolation

The checknetisolation command is used to test apps that require network capabilities

 

Chglogon

The chglogon command enables, disables, or drains terminal server session logins.
Executing the chglogon command is the same as executing change logon.

Chgport

The chgport command can be used to display or change COM port mappings for DOS compatibility.
Executing the chgport command is the same as executing change port.

Chgusr

The chgusr command is used to change the install mode for the terminal server.
Executing the chgusr command is the same as executing change user.

Chkdsk

The chkdsk command, often referred to as check disk, is used to identify and correct certain hard drive errors.

Chkntfs

The chkntfs command is used to configure or display the checking of the disk drive during the Windows boot process.

Choice

The choice command is used within a script or batch program to provide a list of choices and return of the value of that choice to the program.

Cipher

The cipher command shows or changes the encryption status of files and folders on NTFS partitions.

 

Clip

The clip command is used to redirect the output from any command to the clipboard in Windows.

Cls

The cls command clears the screen of all previously entered commands and other text.

 

Cmd

The cmd command starts a new instance of the command interpreter.

Cmdkey

The cmdkey command is used to show, create, and remove stored user names and passwords.

Cmstp

The cmstp command installs or uninstalls a Connection Manager service profile.

Color

The color command is used to change the colors of the text and background within the Command Prompt window.

Command

The command command starts a new instance of the command.com command interpreter.
The command command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows 8.

Comp

The comp command is used to compare the contents of two files or sets of files.

Compact

The compact command is used to show or change the compression state of files and directories on NTFS partitions.

Convert

The convert command is used to convert FAT or FAT32 formatted volumes to the NTFS format.

Copy

The copy command does simply that - it copies one or more files from one location to another.

Cscript

The cscript command is used to execute scripts via Microsoft Script Host.
The cscript command is most commonly used to manage printing from the command line with scripts like prncnfg.vbs, prndrvr.vbs, prnmngr.vbs, and others.

 

 

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Windows 7 Command Prompt (cmd) Commands

A  Command Prompt (cmd) For Windows 7 provides access to over 230 command line commands!
The commands available in Windows 7 are used to automate processes, create batch files, and perform troubleshooting and diagnostic tasks.

Note: Many Windows 7 Command Prompt commands are similar to classic MS-DOS commands. However, the Command Prompt is not MS-DOS and the commands are not MS-DOS commands. If you are using MS-DOS, I do keep a list of DOS commands.

Append

The append command can be used by programs to open files in another directory as if they were located in the current directory.
The append command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows 7.

Arp

The arp command is used to display or change entries in the ARP cache.

Assoc

The assoc command is used to display or change the file type associated with a particular file extension.

At

The at command is used to schedule commands and other programs to run at a specific date and time.

Attrib

The attrib command is used to change the attributes of a single file or a directory.

Auditpol

The auditpol command is used to display or change audit policies.

Bcdboot

The bcdboot command is used to copy boot files to the system partition and to create a new system BCD store.

Bcdedit

The bcdedit command is used to view or make changes to Boot Configuration Data.

Bdehdcfg

The bdehdcfg command is used to prepare a hard drive for BitLocker Drive Encryption.

Bitsadmin

The bitsadmin command is used to create, manage, and monitor download and upload jobs.
While the bitsadmin command is available in Windows 7, you should know that it is being phased out. The BITS PowerShell cmdlets should be used instead.

Bootcfg

The bootcfg command is used to build, modify, or view the contents of the boot.ini file, a hidden file that is used to identify in what folder, on which partition, and on which hard drive Windows is located.
The bootcfg command was replaced by the bcdedit command beginning in Windows Vista. Bootcfg is still available in Windows 7 but it serves no real value since boot.ini is not used.

 

Bootsect

The bootsect command is used to configure the master boot code to one compatible with Windows 7 (BOOTMGR).
The bootsect command is only available from the Command Prompt in System Recovery Options.

Break

The break command sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking on DOS systems.
The break command is available in Windows 7 to provide compatibility with MS-DOS files but it has no effect in Windows 7 itself.

Cacls

The cacls command is used to display or change access control lists of files. Even though the cacls command is available in Windows 7, it's being phased out. Microsoft recommends that you use the icacls command instead.

Call

The call command is used to run a script or batch program from within another script or batch program.
The call command has no effect outside of a script or batch file. In other words, running the call command at the Command Prompt will do nothing.

Cd

The Cd command is the shorthand version of the chdir command.

Certreq

The certreq command is used to perform various certification authority (CA) certificate functions.

Certutil

The certutil command is used to dump and display certification authority (CA) configuration information in addition to other CA functions.

Change

The change command changes various terminal server settings like install modes, COM port mappings, and logons.

Chcp

The chcp command displays or configures the active code page number.

 

Chdir

The chdir command is used to display the drive letter and folder that you are currently in. Chdir can also be used to change the drive and/or directory that you want to work in.

Chglogon

The chglogon command enables, disables, or drains terminal server session logins.
Executing the chglogon command is the same as executing change logon.

Chgport

The chgport command can be used to display or change COM port mappings for DOS compatibility.
Executing the chgport command is the same as executing change port.

Chgusr

The chgusr command is used to change the install mode for the terminal server.
Executing the chgusr command is the same as executing change user.

Chkdsk

The chkdsk command, often referred to as check disk, is used to identify and correct certain hard drive errors.

Chkntfs

The chkntfs command is used to configure or display the checking of the disk drive during the Windows boot process.

Choice

The choice command is used within a script or batch program to provide a list of choices and return of the value of that choice to the program.

Cipher

The cipher command shows or changes the encryption status of files and folders on NTFS partitions.

 

Clip

 The clip command is used to redirect the output from any command to the clipboard in Windows.

Cls

The cls command clears the screen of all previously entered commands and other text.

 

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what is Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP) ???

Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP): 

  ERP systems integrates all the processes of the organization with customer satisfaction and plans the management of the resources of an enterprise.

 These solution help in focusing on production capacities, managing logistics and working out financial consequences of each decision rather than just computing costs. 

ERP::

A powerful tool if used properly for Business plan, Sales plan, Production plan, Material and capacity plan, financial plan

ERP help by: Resource availability check at each step - for example, material, capacity, finance, human resource, suppliers-- information and time, “What - If” simulation capability at each step

Provides “Plan vs. Actual” comparisons to improve subsequent actions, Uses computers (Information Technology) to

   - Break down each plan to various levels of detail

   - Simulate resource loads

   - Communicate and coordinate results and operating information

ERP NOT:

A magic to solve your business problems, merely a computerization, merely a tool to automate business transaction processing, merely a tool to reduce inventory, you implement ERP to organize your business and improve business efficiency, which reflects in reduced inventory

 

 Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP): 

 ERP systems integrates all the processes of the organization with customer satisfaction and plans the management of the resources of an enterprise. These solution help in focusing on production capacities, managing logistics and working out financial consequences of each decision rather than just computing costs.

When you Need ERP?

• To have improved business performance

• To support business growth requirements

• Want to re-engineer and get control over business

• To eliminate limitation in legacy system

• Need to Co-Ordinate Activities Rigorously

• Size of Organization - People, Plants, Sites, Distances

• Competition - Local and Global

 

ERP at Enterprise::

VISION 

•CUSTOMER CENTRIC ORGANISATION

•SUPPLY AND DEMAND SHOULD  MATCH

•GLOBAL MARKETS

•GLOBAL STD. OF QUALITY

•AMONGST TOP FIVE IN NEXT FIVE YEARS.

Policy

 

•QUALITY

•TRANSPERANCY

•ACCOUNTABILITY

•NO INFORMATION ISLANDS AND PVT. LTD. AFFAIRS

•PRODUCTIVITY

•WORLD CLASS SERVICE TO CUSTOMER

•OPERATING AND FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY

 

 

Benefits/Advantage of ERP System: 

 

•Focus on process:

•Flexibility:

•Reduced cycle time:

•Improved communications:

•Core applications for mission critical business processes

•Solutions tailored to specific industries

•Internet enabled application, global connectivity & specific database services

•Obtaining and using strategic information

•Improve productivity & performance at all levels in an organization

•Powerful tool for BPR

•Gives improved business performance

•supports business growth requirements

•business gets re-engineered

•eliminates limitation in legacy system

•Comprehensive and wide ranging software with modular design and scalability & Flexibility

•Generates executive information for decision making and controls in various areas, identifying Critical success factors

•Cross application integration with ALE, E-Commerce etc..

•Supports Supply Chain Management

 

 

Disadvantages of ERP:

•The employees needed to get trained to use it

•Professionals are needed to train other end users or to use the S/W

•Takes considerable time to get in existence

•Once developed the customization is headache

•Maintenance is very tough

•It is very costly in terms of money, time and Implementation

•Integration and testing

•Dirty data

•Documentation and training

•Planning and project management

•Consulting fees

 

 

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Android Version With Release Date And Code Name..

1.1   9 February 2009

—1.5   30 April 2009 Cupcake

—1.6  15 September 2009 Donut

—2.0/2.1 26 October 2009 Eclair

—2.2 20 May 2010 Froyo

—2.3 6 December 2010 Gingerbread

—3.0/3.1/3.2 22 February 2011 Honeycomb

—4.0 19 October 2011 Ice Cream Sandwich

—4.1.x July 9, 2012 Jelly Bean

—4.2.x November 13, 2012 Jelly Bean

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What Is Android?

 —Android is a mobile operating system that is based on a modified version of Linux.

 —It was originally developed by a start up of the same name, Android, Inc. In 2005.

 —Google purchased Android and took over its development work.

 —Google wanted Android to be open and free; hence, most of the Android code was released under the open source Apache License.

The main advantage of adopting Android is that it offers a unified approach to application development.

Developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run on numerous different devices, as long as the devices are powered using Android.

Features of Android

     Because Android is open source and freely available to manufacturers for customization, there are no fixed hardware or software configurations.

 —Storage — Uses SQLite, a lightweight relational database, for data storage.

     Messaging — Supports both SMS and MMS. Chapter 8 discusses messaging in more detail

— Media support — Includes support for the following media: H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), AAC, HE-AAC (in MP4 or3GP container), MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP

     —Hardware support — Accelerometer Sensor, Camera, Digital Compass, Proximity Sensor,and GPS.

—Multi-touch — Supports multi-touch screens.

—Multi-tasking — Supports multi-tasking applications.

—Flash support — Android 2.3 supports Flash 10.1.

—Tethering — Supports sharing of Internet connections as a  wired/wireless hotspot.

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what is OsI (Open System Interconnection) Model?

ØPhysical Layer:- Provides physical interface for transmission of information. Defines rules by which bits are passed from one system to another on a physical communication medium. Covers all - mechanical, electrical, functional and procedural - aspects for physical communication. Such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, physical connectors, and other similar attributes are defined by physical layer specifications.

ØData link Layer: - Data link layer attempts to provide reliable communication over the physical layer interface. Breaks the outgoing data into frames and reassemble the received frames. Create and detect frame boundaries. Handle errors by implementing an acknowledgement and retransmission scheme. Implement flow control. Supports points-to-point as well as broadcast communication. Supports simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex communication.

ØNetwork Layer:- Implements routing of frames (packets) through the network. Defines the most optimum path the packet should take from the source to the destination. Defines logical addressing so that any endpoint can be identified. Handles congestion in the network. Facilitates interconnection between heterogeneous networks (Inter networking). The network layer also defines how to fragment a packet into smaller packets to accommodate different media.

Ø Transport Layer:- Purpose of this layer is to provide a reliable mechanism for the exchange of data between two processes in different computers. Ensures that the data units are delivered error free. Ensures that data units are delivered in sequence. Ensures that there is no loss or duplication of data units. Provides connectionless or connection oriented service. Provides for the connection management. Multiplex multiple connections over a single channel.

ØSession Layer:- Session layer provides mechanism for controlling the dialogue between the two end systems. It defines how to start, control and end conversations (called sessions) between applications. This layer requests for a logical connection to be established on an end-user’s request. Any necessary log-on or password validation is also handled by this layer. Session layer is also responsible for terminating the connection. This layer provides services like dialogue discipline which can be full duplex or half duplex. Session layer can also provide check-pointing mechanism such that if a failure of some sort occurs between checkpoints, all data can be retransmitted from the last checkpoint.

ØPresentation Layer:- Presentation layer defines the format in which the data is to be exchanged between the two communicating entities. Also handles data compression and data encryption (cryptography).

ØApplication Layer:- Application layer interacts with application programs and is the highest level of OSI model. Application layer contains management functions to support distributed applications. Examples of application layer are applications such as file transfer, electronic mail, remote login etc.

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What Is SSL (Secure Socket Layer)?

•transport layer security service

•originally developed by Netscape

•version 3 designed with public input

•subsequently became Internet standard known as TLS (Transport Layer Security)

•uses TCP to provide a reliable end-to-end service

•SSL has two layers of protocols

                        SSl Architecure

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How is a digital signature used for authentication?

•    Suppose Alice wants to send a signed message to Bob. She creates a message digest by using a hash function on the message. The message digest serves as a "digital fingerprint" of the message; if any part of the message is modified, the hash function returns a different result. Alice then encrypts the message digest with her private key. This encrypted message digest is the digital signature for the message.

•    Alice sends both the message and the digital signature to Bob. When Bob receives them, he decrypts the signature using Alice's public key, thus revealing the message digest. To verify the message, he then hashes the message with the same hash function Alice used and compares the result to the message digest he received from Alice. If they are exactly equal, Bob can be confident that the message did indeed come from Alice and has not changed since she signed it. If the message digests are not equal, the message either originated elsewhere or was altered after it was signed.

•    Note that using a digital signature does not encrypt the message itself. If Alice wants to ensure the privacy of the message, she must also encrypt it using Bob's public key. Then only Bob can read the message by decrypting it with his private key. 

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What is a digital signature?

•    A digital signature functions for electronic documents like a handwritten signature does for printed documents. The signature is an unforgivable piece of data that asserts that a named person wrote or otherwise agreed to the document to which the signature is attached.

•    A digital signature actually provides a greater degree of security than a handwritten signature. The recipient of a digitally signed message can verify both that the message originated from the person whose signature is attached and that the message has not been altered either intentionally or accidentally since it was signed. Furthermore, secure digital signatures cannot be repudiated; the signer of a document cannot later disown it by claiming the signature was forged.

•    In other words, Digital Signatures enable "authentication" of digital messages, assuring the recipient of a digital message of both the identity of the sender and the integrity of the message. 

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What Is Repeater?

 Repeater:-

  A  repeater is an electronicdevice that receives a signal and Rtransmit it at a higher level or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances.

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what is Bridge?

Bridge:-

A bridge is used to join two network segments together; it allows computers on either segment to access resources on the other. They can also be used to divide large networks into smaller segments. Bridges have all the features of repeaters, but can have more nodes, and since the network is divided, there is fewer computers competing for resources on each segment thus improving network performance.

              

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What is Router?

 Router:-

      A router is a device that forwards data packetsbetween computer networks, creating an overlay internet work. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks.

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what is Gateway?

GATEWAY: 

n   computer networking, a gateway is a node (a router) on a TCP/IP network that serves as an access point to another network. A default gateway is the node on the computer network that the network software uses when an IP address does not match any other routes in the routing table.

Ø   

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What is Delegates?

Delegate is a type Safe Object that can point to another  method(or possibly multiple method) in the application , Which can be invoked at later time.

—  Delegate act as an intermediary between an event source and an event  destination.

—  A delegate in C# is similar to a function pointer in c or c++.

—  There are Two Type of  delegate.

1. Single cast Delegate
2. Multi cast Delegate                                   

—  A Single Cast Delegate Can call only one function.

—  A Multi Cast Delegate Can call more than  one function.

—  Delegate are used to pass method as-argument to other methods that are invoked through delegates.

—  “Once a delegate is assigned a method , it behave exactly like that method. The delegate method can be used like any .Other  method , which parameter and a return value.”

—  Delegate type maintains Three important Information.

—  The name of the method on which it make calls.

—  Any argument(if any)of this method.

—  The Return value(if any)of this method.

—  Function pointer using Delegate.

—  Delegate wrap a method.calling delegate result in calling the method.

—  Delegate is a type of object very similar to classes.

—  Delegate gives a name to a method signature.

—  Declaration Of delegate

public delegate intSumPtr(intx,int y);

•       Method of delegate.

int  Add(intx,int y)

          {

returnx+y;

                }

use a delegate to call this method.

SumPtrsPtr= new Sumptr(Add);

Console.WriteLine(sPtr(34,6));

—  Example Of Delegate

Using System;

Namespace Akadia.BasicDelegate

{

public delegate void simpledelegate();   //Declaration

classTestDelegate

    {

                public static void MyFunc()

        {

                Console.WriteLine(“I was called by delegate”);

}

Public static void main()

{

                SimpleDelegateSimpleDelegate=new  SimpleDelegate(MyFunc);   //Instantiation

                SimpleDelegate();     //Invocation

}

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